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David Lean
Sir David Lean, CBE (25 March 190816 April 1991) was an English film director, producer, screenwriter and editor, best remembered for big-screen epics such as ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'' (1957), ''Lawrence of Arabia'' (1962) and ''Doctor Zhivago'' (1965). He is also known for the Dickens adaptations of ''Great Expectations'' (1946) and ''Oliver Twist'' (1948), as well as the romantic drama ''Brief Encounter'' (1945).
Lauded by directors such as Steven Spielberg〔(Indiana Jones' Influences: Inspirations ). TheRaider.net. Retrieved on 2011-05-29.〕 and Stanley Kubrick,〔(The Kubrick Site FAQ ). Visual-memory.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-05-29.〕 Lean was voted 9th greatest film director of all time in the British Film Institute ''Sight & Sound'' "Directors' Top Directors" poll 2002.〔(The directors’ top ten directors ). Bfi.org.uk (5 September 2006). Retrieved on 2011-05-29.〕 Nominated seven times for the Academy Award for Best Director, for which he won twice for ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'', and ''Lawrence of Arabia'', he has three films in the top five of the British Film Institute's Top 100 British Films.〔(The BFI 100: 1–10 ). Bfi.org.uk (6 September 2006). Retrieved on 2011-05-29.〕〔(The BFI 100: 11–20 ). Bfi.org.uk (6 September 2006). Retrieved on 2011-05-29.〕 and was awarded the AFI Lifetime Achievement award in 1990.
==Early life and education==
Lean was born in Croydon, Surrey (now part of Greater London), to Francis William le Blount Lean and the former Helena Tangye (niece of Sir Richard Trevithick Tangye). His parents were Quakers and he was a pupil at the Quaker-founded Leighton Park School in Reading. His younger brother, Edward Tangye Lean (1911–1974), founded the original Inklings literary club when a student at Oxford University. Lean was a half-hearted schoolboy with a dreamy nature who was labeled a "dud"〔 of a student; he left in his mid-teens〔http://davidleancroydon.org.uk/about/croydon/〕 and entered his father's chartered accountancy firm as an apprentice. A more shaping event for his career than his formal education had been an uncle's gift, when Lean was aged ten, of a Brownie box camera. "You usually didn't give a boy a camera until he was 16 or 17 in those days. It was a huge compliment and I succeeded at it.' Lean printed and developed his films, and it was his 'great hobby'.〔 the Guardian, April 17 , 1991〕 At age 16, his father deserted the family when he ran off with another woman, and Lean would later follow a similar path after his own first marriage and child.〔
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